Day 2: “Linux Distributions Explained” - Discuss different distros and their use cases.

Linux is a family of free and open-source operating systems based on the Linux kernel. These operating systems are known as Linux distributions or as users calls them - distros. Examples include Debian, Ubuntu, Fedora, CentOS, Gentoo, Arch Linux, and others. Each distro has its unique features, package management system, and community.

If you’re new to Linux, it’s essential to understand that Linux filesystems have a different structure than those found on Windows or macOS. Additionally, Linux-based systems rely heavily on the command line interface (CLI), where you interact with the system by typing commands. Becoming comfortable with the terminal is crucial for tasks like file manipulation, package installation, and user management

1. Ubuntu - ubuntu.com
Features:

• Based on Debian, Ubuntu emphasizes ease of use and accessibility.
• Regular LTS (Long-Term Support) releases (e.g., 20.04, 22.04) provide stability.
• Extensive community support through forums, documentation, and Ask Ubuntu.
• Variants include Ubuntu Desktop, Ubuntu Server, and flavors like Kubuntu (KDE), Xubuntu (Xfce), and Lubuntu (LXQt).

Use Cases:

• General-purpose desktops for both beginners and experienced users.
• Servers, especially with Ubuntu Server.
• Cloud deployments (e.g., on AWS, Azure, or Google Cloud).

Installation: Graphical installer (Ubiquity) for desktop editions.
Command-line installer for server editions.

2. Fedora - fedoraproject.org
Features:

• Sponsored by Red Hat, Fedora serves as a testing ground for RHEL.
• Frequent updates, embracing bleeding-edge technologies.
• Focus on open-source software and community-driven development.
• Workstation edition tailored for developers and enthusiasts.
Use Cases:

• Developers who want the latest software.
• Enthusiasts exploring new features.
• Fedora Server for lightweight server deployments.
Installation:

• Graphical Anaconda installer with customization options.



3. CentOS - centos.rog
Features:


• Derived from RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux).
• Stable, with long support cycles.
• Ideal for servers, data centers, and enterprise environments.
• Minimal changes compared to RHEL.
Use Cases:

• Enterprise servers where stability is critical.
• Hosting web applications, databases, and services.
Installation:

• Text-based installer similar to RHEL.



Important!CentOS Linux 7 reached end of life (EOL) on June 30, 2024. This means that official support and updates from the CentOS project have ceased. No additional security patches, bug fixes, or software upgrades will be released for the operating system1. However, there’s good news: you can convert your CentOS Linux servers into Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) servers, and this process is supported. You can work with Red Hat’s support and consulting teams to facilitate the migration2. If you’re using CentOS, it’s essential to plan your transition to a supported platform to ensure ongoing security and stability




4. Arch Linux - Arch Linux
Features:


• Lightweight, minimalistic, and highly customizable.
• Rolling release model—no major version upgrades.
• DIY approach: You build your system from scratch.
• AUR (Arch User Repository) for additional packages.
Use Cases:

• Advanced users who enjoy fine-tuning their system.
• Minimal installations for specific purposes.
• Learning about Linux internals.
Installation:

• Command-line-based Arch Install Scripts (AIS).
• Requires manual configuration.

5. Debian - debian.org
Features:


• Oldest surviving distro, known for stability.
• Large package repository.
• Used as the base for many other distros.
• Supports multiple architectures.
Use Cases:

• Servers (Debian Stable).
• Workstations (Debian Testing or Unstable).
• Embedded systems (Debian Embedded).
Installation:

• Graphical or text-based installer (Debian Installer).



If you would like to find out more about Linux distribuions visit DistroWatch which is a comprehensive website that provides news, rankings, and general information about various Linux distributions and other free software/open-source Unix-like operating systems. It’s a valuable resource for users seeking to choose a suitable Linux distro and also raises awareness for smaller distributions.